Trauma is a deeply distressing or disturbing experience that can leave lasting emotional, psychological, and sometimes physical effects. Navigating trauma is a highly personal journey, and every individual’s experience is unique, shaped by their background, support systems, and the circumstances of the event. At Wholesome Psychology, we are committed to supporting people across Edmonton and St. Albert as they process and heal from trauma.
What Is Trauma?
Trauma can be defined as the emotional response that follows an event or series of events perceived as harmful or life-threatening. While physical trauma refers to bodily injuries, psychological trauma can be far more complex and may not always have visible signs. Trauma often impacts one’s sense of safety and security, relationships, self-esteem, and ability to function in daily life.
It’s important to recognize that trauma is not a sign of weakness—rather, it is a normal response to overwhelming circumstances. In Edmonton and St. Albert, people may experience trauma from a variety of sources, and seeking trauma therapy is a positive, healing step.
Types of Trauma
Trauma is not a one-size-fits-all experience. Some people develop symptoms after a single incident, while others may be affected by ongoing or repeated exposure to distress. The main types of trauma include:
1. Acute Trauma
This is a response to a single overwhelming event, such as a car accident, assault, natural disaster, or sudden loss. Acute trauma may lead to immediate emotional and physical symptoms like shock, anxiety, nightmares, or difficulty sleeping.
2. Chronic Trauma
Chronic trauma develops over an extended period due to repeated or prolonged exposure to highly stressful events. Examples include ongoing abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), domestic violence, living in a war zone, or experiencing long-term bullying. Chronic trauma can deeply affect an individual’s self-concept, relationships, and resilience.
3. Complex Trauma
Complex trauma results from exposure to multiple traumatic events, often of an invasive, interpersonal nature. This can include childhood neglect, repeated abuse, or situations where someone feels powerless over time. Complex trauma can lead to issues with self-esteem, trust, and emotional regulation.
4. Developmental Trauma
This type refers to trauma that occurs during crucial developmental periods, typically in childhood or adolescence. It can include experiences like parental divorce, separation, neglect, medical procedures, or loss of a loved one at a young age. Developmental trauma can interfere with emotional growth and the ability to form secure relationships.
5. Historical and Intergenerational Trauma
Certain traumas can be passed down through generations, especially those experienced by groups such as Indigenous communities, immigrants, or families affected by war. Historical and intergenerational trauma highlights the need for culturally sensitive approaches to healing. Learn more about culturally responsive care on our Indigenous counseling page.
6. Secondary or Vicarious Trauma
Individuals who frequently hear about or witness traumatic events—such as first responders, healthcare professionals, or therapists—can also experience trauma symptoms. This underscores the importance of self-care and professional support for those in helping roles. Specialized services are available for unique situations, such as PTSD in first responders and support for families of uniformed personnel.
Common Sources of Trauma
While trauma can result from a broad range of events, some common sources include:
- Violence or abuse (physical, sexual, emotional, or domestic) – see our abuse counseling page
- Military service or experiences of war and conflict – visit military-related trauma
- Accidents (car, workplace, sports, etc.) or sudden serious illness – learn about motor vehicle accident trauma
- Natural disasters such as floods, fires, or storms
- Childhood neglect, loss, or abandonment – see our childhood issues counseling
- Being a victim of crime or witnessing violence
- Sudden loss of a loved one – support for grief and loss
- Medical trauma, such as invasive procedures, especially in childhood
- Workplace trauma, such as harassment or occupational injury (see workplace trauma support)
These experiences can affect people of all ages and backgrounds in Edmonton and St. Albert. It's also important to remember that what may be traumatic for one person might not be for another. For youth-focused resources, see child and youth mental health.
Symptoms and Effects of Trauma
Trauma can manifest in a variety of ways, both immediately and in the long term. Common symptoms include:
- Flashbacks or intrusive thoughts
- Difficulty sleeping or nightmares
- Feelings of numbness, disconnection, or detachment
- Increased anxiety or irritability
- Avoiding people, places, or situations that serve as reminders
- Physical symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, or muscle tension
- Sudden mood swings or emotional outbursts
- Trouble with relationships and trust
Symptoms can vary according to the type of trauma and the person’s age, background, and coping mechanisms. For children and youth in particular, trauma may present as changes in behavior, regression, difficulties with school, or withdrawal from friends and activities. For more tailored information, visit our page on child and youth stress and trauma.
How Trauma Affects the Brain and Body
Neuroscience shows that trauma can significantly impact the brain’s development, especially in children, and affect areas linked to memory, emotion regulation, and stress response. Chronic trauma can cause the body to remain in a constant state of "fight or flight," which, over time, may contribute to health issues such as chronic pain, depression, anxiety, or substance use. Explore emotional regulation support and anxiety treatment.
What Is Trauma Therapy?
Trauma therapy is a set of evidence-based practices designed to help individuals process and heal from trauma. Effective trauma therapy in Edmonton might include modalities such as:
These therapies can help clients face and process traumatic memories in a safe, supportive setting, reduce symptom severity, and foster resilience and empowerment.
When Should You Seek Help?
If you or your loved ones are struggling with trauma symptoms that interfere with daily life, relationships, or overall well-being, seeking professional support can be transformative. If you live in Edmonton or St. Albert, trauma therapy is available from experienced, compassionate therapists.
At Wholesome Psychology, we believe that everyone deserves access to trauma-informed care. Get to know our team on the our therapists page, and see how we approach healing with empathy and expertise.
Local Trauma Support in Edmonton & St. Albert
Our clinics in Edmonton and St. Albert are dedicated to providing safe, non-judgmental spaces for healing from all types of trauma. Whether you have experienced a single traumatic event, ongoing hardship, or you’re witnessing loved ones struggle, our trauma-informed team is here to provide guidance and support for your healing journey.
If you are ready to take the first step, or just want to learn more, visit our page about trauma therapy. For those dealing specifically with PTSD, please see our dedicated resource for PTSD treatment in Edmonton and St. Albert.
Building Resilience and Moving Forward
Healing from trauma is a process that unfolds differently for every person. Support from trained mental health professionals, as well as from family and friends, can play a pivotal role. In Edmonton and St. Albert, Wholesome Psychology is honored to walk alongside you as you reclaim your well-being. If you have further questions about types of trauma or want personalized support, contact us to take that next step toward healing.
